Die 10 wichtigsten Englisch Grammatikregeln
1. Gegenwart
Simple Present:
- I live in Frankfurt.
- I go to work at 8 o’clock every day.
- When you go to school, you learn, you do your homework and you play with your friends.
- The train departs every 15 minutes.
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He, She, It - 's' muss mit! Im Simple Present wird in der 3.Person Singluar he,she,it ein s angehängt:
• He works at the gym.
Bei Verben, die auf -o,-s,-sh,-ch,-z oder -x enden, wird ein es angehängt:
• She watches TV every day.
• He works at the gym.
Bei Verben, die auf -o,-s,-sh,-ch,-z oder -x enden, wird ein es angehängt:
• She watches TV every day.
Das Hilfsverb 'do' und 'does' Im Simple Present wird zur Bildung von Fragen oder für verneinte Sätze das Hilfsverb 'do' bzw. in der dritten Person Singular 'does' verwendet. 'Do/does' wird immer vor das Vollverb gestellt. Die verneinte Form heißt 'don't' bzw. in der dritten Person Singular 'doesn't'.
- Do you have a question?
- I don't eat meat.
- Does he need help?
Present Progressive:
- I’m still paying off the loan from school.
- He is waiting on the bus.
- I’m working at the pharmacy in my holidays.
2. Perfekt
Present Perfect:
- She has never played tennis.
- You have already packed your suitcase.
- I have just made an appointment at the doctor’s.
Past Perfect:
- My brother ate (Simple Past) my cake which we had baked (Past Perfect) before.
- She was late (Simple Past), because her car had broken (Past Perfect) down.
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3. Vergangenheit
Simple Past:
- I went to the doctor last week.
- I finished school 2018.
- I was in summer school last year.
! Achtung: Es gibt viele irreguläre Verben, die auswendig gelernt werden müssen !
- Das y von Verben, die mit -y enden, wird zu einem -i: hurry → hurried
- Verben mit Endungen wie t oder l werden verdoppelt: travel → travelled, admit → admitted
- Verben, die mit –e enden erhalten nur ein –d: dance → danced
Past Pogressive:
- I was watching TV.
- He was watching soccer while his mother was cooking.
- When I was riding my bike someone hit me with their car.
4. Zukunft
Will future:
- I promise, I will visit you soon.
- We think he will ask her out.
Going to:
- Next week I’m going to see my mum.
- Look at the clouds, it is going to rain soon.
Simple Present:
- His birthday falls on a sunday next year, right?
- The bus arrives at 5pm tomorrow.
- The bar opens at 6pm tonight.
- Her test is at 8am next monday.
Present Progressive -"Present Continuous"
- She is getting married next year.
- We are meeting up with some friends when we get to London.
- I'm spending Christmas with my parents.
5. For oder Since?
For – Zeitraum Mein Bruder ist seit zwei Jahren Lehrer:
- My brother has been a teacher for 2 years.
- My brother has been playing tennis for 4 hours.
- My brother has been a teacher since 2007.
- My brother has been playing tennis since 4 o'clock.
For: for a long time, for six days, for a couple of minutes, for a few hours
Since: since 2007, since Monday, since 2 o’clock, since he left, since they met, since we started studying
6. Much oder Many?
- How much food is in the fridge?
- How much money do you have in your pocket?
- How many friends are invited to the party?
- How many books did you read last year?
7. Some oder Any?
Some wird in positiven Sätzen, Bitten und Fragen (Achtung Ausnahmen!) verwendet:
- Would you like some wine?
- Could you give me some money?
- I bought some food for you.
- I don’t want to go anywhere else.
- I didn’t buy anything.
- Is there any fruit left?
! In Verbindung mit never, without und hardly wird any auch in positive Sätzen verwendet !
- My mum is always preparing dinner without any help
- I want to go out with someone
- I want to kiss somebody from work
8. If und nicht When
- If you buy me cheese, I will give you money.
- Will you marry me if I buy you flowers?
- If I pass the test, I will celebrate.
- My mum will bake my birthday cake, if my boyfriend can’t make it.
Der Satz besteht aus zwei Bausteinen: If + Simple Present, Will-future + Infinitiv
2. In der zweiten Form der if-clauses handelt es sich um Bedingungen, deren Eintreten unwahrscheinlich ist.
- If I passed the test, I would celebrate.
- If I knew the answer, I would write them down.
- I would travel around the world, if I had money.
- What would you do if you had more time?
Der Satz besteht aus zwei Bausteinen: If + Simple Past, would + Infinitiv (Conditional 1)
3. In der dritten Form von Konditionalsätzen geht es um die Bedingungen, deren Eintreten unmöglich ist. In diesem Fall liegen die Bedingungen in der Vergangenheit und sind unveränderbar. Man könnte sie auch „Mecker-Sätze“ nennen: „Hätte ich damals doch den Job in New York angenommen, dann wäre ich heute berühmt.“
- If I had practiced more, I would have passed the test.
- We would have travelled the world if we had saved more money.
- What would have happened if you had more money in the past?
Auch hier besteht der Satz aus zwei Bausteinen: If + Past Perfect, would have + 3. Verbform/-ed (Conditional 2)
Zusammenfassung:
Form 1: Simple Present - Will future
Form 2: Simple past - Conditional 1 (would + infinitive)
Form 3: Past perfect - Conditional 2 (would + have + 3. Verbform)
9. Gerundium
- Dancing on the table is fun.
- He loves playing soccer.
- Smoking is not allowed.
10. Who, Which, Whose
- The women who stole my phone was wearing a yellow shirt.
- The dog which ran away last week was found.
- The women whose dog ran away was very sad.
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